7. Sensory Characteristics

Accessibility Requirements

WCAG SC 1.1.1 Non-text Content – All non-text content that is presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose, except for [specific] situations.
WCAG SC 1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics – Instructions provided for understanding and operating content do not rely solely on sensory characteristics of components such as shape, color, size, visual location, orientation, or sound.
WCAG SC 1.4.1 Use of Color – Color is not used as the only visual means of conveying information, indicating an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element.

Test Method Rationale

Users affected by this requirement are sighted and not limited to users of assistive technology (AT), and include those with Color Vision Deficiency. Visual inspection is required to determine the adequacy of instructions or content to account for any limitations of sensory or color perceptions.

Limitations, Assumptions, or Exceptions

SC 1.4.1 does not prohibit the use of color and can be met with another visual cue (e.g, color and shape). Text Alternative descriptions that are not available visually would not pass these tests.
Per WCAG 2.2 Understanding SC 1.4.1 Use of Color, where color alone distinguishes between visited and unvisited links, it does not result in a failure of this Success Criterion.
Per WCAG 2.2 Understanding SC 1.4.1 Use of Color, use of colors that differ in color (hue) and lightness with a contrast ratio of 3:1 or greater meet this requirement. However, if content relies on the user’s ability to accurately perceive or differentiate a particular color an additional visual indicator will be required regardless of the contrast ratio between those colors.
SC 1.3.3 applies to instructions and cannot be met by providing multiple sensory characteristics (e.g., color and shape).
The test for audible cues covers short sounds used to notify the user, such as confirmation beeps and error notifications. Audio in time-based media is covered in Baseline 16. Audio-only and Video-only.

7.A Test Procedure for Use of Color

Baseline Test ID: 7.A-Color

Identify Content

Content that uses color to convey meaning, indicate an action, prompt a response, distinguish a visual element, or identify errors. Exclude colors of links that indicate visited or unvisited.

Test Instructions

Check if one or more of the following is true:
1. The content using color to convey meaning also provides on-screen alternate text describing the color and/or the meaning conveyed by the color when the user must be able to accurately perceive or differentiate a particular color. [SC 1.4.1]
2. The content using color to convey meaning also provides other visual differentiation (e.g., shape, position, size, underline) with a clear indication of its meaning when the user must be able to accurately perceive or differentiate a particular color.[SC 1.4.1]
3. The content using only a difference in colors to convey meaning uses colors (hues) that have a contrast ratio of 3:1 or greater. This content does not require the user to be able to accurately perceive or differentiate a particular color.[SC 1.4.1]

Test Results

If BOTH of the above checks fail, then Baseline Test 7.A-Color fails.

7.B Test Procedure for Sensory Characteristics

Baseline Test ID: 7.B-SensoryCharacteristics

Identify Content

Identify instructions for understanding and operating content that rely on sensory information to convey information. This may include references to shape, size, visual location, orientation, or sound.

Test Instructions

Check that the instructions contain additional information that allows it to be located, identified, and understood without any knowledge of its shape, size, or relative position. [SC 1.3.3]
For example:
- To see your changes, select the round button labeled "Go".
- The links on the right, with the heading "Resources", provide further information.
- Select the lower-right "Cancel" button to close this session.
Check that any auditory cues also provide programmatically determinable or textual cues. [SC 1.3.3].
For example:
- At the sound of the beep and the appearance of the timer, begin the quiz.

Test Results

If any of the above checks fail, then Baseline Test 7.B-SensoryCharacteristics fails.

7.C Test Procedure for Audible Cues

Baseline Test ID: 7.C-AudibleCues

Identify Content

Identify any short sound/audible cue that serves as a notification to the user, such as a beep that signifies an error has occurred or a chime to indicate an incoming message.

Test Instructions

Check that a text alternative that describes the purpose of the sound is provided with the audible cue. [SC 1.1.1]
For example:
- A short beep and an asterisk appears on a required field to notify the user that the field must be completed.
- As a timer counts down, a bell rings and a "Two minutes left!" message appears on screen.

Test Results

If any of the above checks fail, then Baseline Test 7.C-AudibleCues fails.

Advisory: Tips for streamlined test processes

Content that uses color must have an additional visual cue. Instructions that rely on a sensory characteristic must have a non-sensory cue.
Displaying content in greyscale may help identify content that uses only color to convey information.

WCAG 2.2 Techniques

The following sufficient techniques and/or common failures were considered when developing this test procedure for this baseline requirement:

Section 508 ICT Testing Baseline